ライフサイエンス英語表現使い分け辞典

本書の特徴

本書に収録した用語の収集は，ライフサイエンス辞書プロジェクトのLSDコーパス（15万件のPubMed論文抄録：3,000万語）における単語の出現回数に基づいて行った．このコーパスに含まれる単語の種類は合計約20万語であったが，3,000万語からなるテキストのうちの90％は約4,700語，85％は約2,600語の範囲で書かれていた．そこで，この頻出単語ランキングの上位3,000語のなかから論文執筆の際に重要である約1,000語を選択して本書の見出し語とした．さらにそれらの関連語などで使い方に注意が必要な単語や，重要な副詞，関係詞などを上位の3,000〜5,000語のなかなどから約300語を選んで追加した．合計約1,300語の見出し語からなる本書は，個々の単語の使い方を示す活用辞典である．使い方にあまり特徴のない単語は使用頻度が高くても割愛してあるのでご了解いただきたい．論文抄録の文章の約86%は上位3,000語の範囲で書かれているので，本書に収録してある単語の使い方の情報を利用し，さらに個々の専門分野のキーワード，冠詞，代名詞，前置詞などを加えれば論文のほとんどの部分を書くことができるであろう．

見出し語一覧（全1,300語）

A

• aberrant
• ability
• ablate
• able
• abnormal
• abnormality
• abolish
• abrogate
• absence
• absent
• absolute
• absolutely
• abundant
• accelerate
• accept
• accompany
• accord
• accordance
• according
• accordingly
• account
• accumulate
• accumulation
• accuracy
• accurate
• accurately
• achieve
• acquire
• act
• action
• activate
• activation
• active
• actively
• activity
• acute
• acutely
• adapt
• adaptation
• add
• addition
• additional
• additionally
• adequate
• adhere
• adhesion
• adjacent
• adjunct
• adjust
• adjustment
• administer
• administration
• advance
• advantage
• adverse
• adversely
• affect
• affinity
• age
• aggregate
• aggregation
• agree
• agreement
• aid
• aim
• all
• allow
• almost
• alter
• alteration
• amplification
• amplify
• amplitude
• analogous
• analogy
• analysis
• analyze
• anchor
• apoptosis
• apparent
• apparently
• appear
• appearance
• application
• apply
• appreciate
• approach
• appropriate
• approximately
• area
• argue
• arise
• arrange
• arrest
• ascertain
• aspect
• assay
• assemble
• assembly
• assess
• assessment
• assist
• associate
• association
• assume
• assumption
• attach
• attachment
• attempt
• attenuate
• attenuation
• attribute
• augment
• availability
• available
• avenue
• avoid

B

• balance
• barrier
• basal
• baseline
• basis
• bear
• become
• before
• behave
• behavior
• believe
• belong
• beneficial
• benefit
• best
• better
• bind
• binding
• biological
• biologically
• block
• blockade
• bond
• break
• bridge
• bring
• broad
• broadly
• bulk

C

• calculate
• call
• capability
• capable
• capacity
• care
• carry
• case
• catalyze
• causally
• cause
• center
• central
• challenge
• chance
• change
• characteristic
• characterization
• characterize
• choice
• choose
• chronic
• chronically
• circumstance
• clarify
• classify
• clear
• clearly
• cleavage
• cleave
• clinical
• clinically
• close
• closely
• code
• coincide
• coincident
• collect
• collectively
• combination
• combine
• common
• commonly
• communication
• comparable
• compare
• comparison
• compatible
• competence
• competition
• complete
• completely
• complex
• component
• compose
• composition
• comprise
• compromise
• compute
• concentrate
• concentration
• concept
• concert
• conclude
• conclusion
• concomitant
• concomitantly
• concordance
• concurrent
• concurrently
• condition
• conduct
• confer
• confine
• confirm
• conformation
• conformational
• congruent
• conjugate
• conjunction
• connect
• connection
• consequence
• consequently
• conservation
• conserve
• consider
• considerable
• considerably
• consist
• consistent
• consistently
• constitute
• constitutive
• constitutively
• construct
• consumption
• contact
• contain
• content
• context
• continue
• continuous
• contrast
• contribute
• contribution
• control
• controversial
• conventional
• conversely
• conversion
• convert
• cooperation
• cooperative
• cooperativity
• coordinate
• coordination
• correct
• correctly
• correlate
• correlation
• correspond
• correspondence
• corresponding
• couple
• coupling
• course
• create
• criterion
• critical
• critically
• cross-talk
• crucial
• culture
• current
• currently

D

• daily
• damage
• data
• decay
• decision
• decline
• decrease
• defect
• defective
• defense
• deficiency
• deficient
• deficit
• define
• degeneration
• degradation
• degrade
• degree
• delay
• delete
• deleterious
• deletion
• deliver
• delivery
• demand
• demonstrate
• demonstration
• depend
• dependence
• dependent
• dependently
• deplete
• depletion
• deposit
• deposition
• depress
• depression
• deprivation
• deprive
• derive
• describe
• design
• designate
• despite
• destined
• destroy
• destruction
• detail
• detailed
• detect
• detectable
• detection
• determination
• determine
• detrimental
• develop
• development
• developmental
• developmentally
• deviation
• diagnose
• diagnosis
• die
• differ
• difference
• different
• differential
• differentially
• differentiate
• differentiation
• differently
• difficult
• difficulty
• diminish
• direct
• direction
• directly
• discover
• discovery
• discriminate
• discrimination
• discuss
• disease
• disorder
• displace
• display
• disrupt
• disruption
• dissociate
• dissociation
• distal
• distance
• distinct
• distinction
• distinctly
• distinguish
• distribute
• distribution
• disturbance
• divergence
• diverse
• diversity
• divide
• document
• dominant
• downregulate
• down-regulate
• downregulation
• down-regulation
• downstream
• dramatic
• dramatically
• drastic
• drastically
• drive
• due
• dysfunction

E

• early
• easily
• effect
• effective
• effectively
• efficacious
• efficacy
• efficiency
• efficient
• efficiently
• effort
• elderly
• element
• elevate
• elevation
• elicit
• eliminate
• elongation
• elucidate
• emerge
• emphasis
• emphasize
• employ
• enable
• encode
• end
• endogenous
• engage
• engineer
• enhance
• enhancement
• enough
• enrich
• ensure
• enter
• entirely
• entry
• environment
• environmental
• episode
• equal
• equally
• equilibrium
• equivalent
• escape
• especially
• essential
• essentially
• establish
• estimate
• evaluate
• evaluation
• even
• evenly
• event
• evidence
• evident
• evoke
• evolution
• evolve
• examination
• examine
• example
• excellent
• except
• excess
• exchange
• exclude
• exclusively
• exert
• exhibit
• exist
• existence
• exit
• exogenous
• expand
• expect
• expectation
• experience
• experiment
• experimental
• experimentally
• explain
• explanation
• exploit
• explore
• export
• expose
• exposure
• express
• expression
• extend
• extensive
• extensively
• extent
• extract
• extremely

F

• facilitate
• fact
• factor
• fail
• failure
• fall
• family
• far
• fashion
• favor
• feature
• feed
• few
• final
• finally
• find
• finding
• first
• fit
• fix
• flexibility
• focus
• follow
• following
• force
• form
• formation
• framework
• free
• frequency
• frequent
• frequently
• full
• fully
• function
• functional
• functionally
• fundamental
• further
• furthermore
• fusion
• future

G

• gain
• gene
• general
• generally
• generate
• generation
• genetic
• genetically
• give
• goal
• good
• govern
• gradually
• great
• greater
• greatly
• grow
• growth

H

• half
• hand
• harbor
• harvest
• healthy
• help
• helpful
• hence
• here
• herein
• heterozygous
• high
• higher
• highest
• highlight
• highly
• hold
• homologous
• homology
• homozygous
• how
• however
• hypothesis
• hypothesize

I

• idea
• identical
• identification
• identify
• identity
• if
• illustrate
• immediately
• immobilize
• immunity
• immunization
• immunize
• impact
• impair
• impairment
• implant
• implicate
• implication
• imply
• importance
• important
• importantly
• improve
• improvement
• in vitro
• in vivo
• inactivate
• inactivation
• incapable
• incidence
• include
• incorporate
• incorporation
• increase
• increasingly
• incubate
• incubation
• indeed
• independent
• independently
• indicate
• indication
• indicative
• indirect
• individual
• induce
• inducible
• induction
• infect
• infection
• infer
• infiltration
• inflammation
• influence
• influx
• information
• infuse
• inherent
• inhibit
• inhibition
• inhibitory
• initially
• initiate
• initiation
• inject
• injection
• injury
• input
• insensitive
• insert
• insertion
• insight
• instability
• instance
• instead
• intake
• integrate
• integration
• integrity
• interact
• interaction
• interest
• interestingly
• interface
• interfere
• intermediate
• interplay
• interpret
• intervention
• intrinsic
• introduce
• introduction
• inverse
• inversely
• investigate
• investigation
• involve
• involvement
• irrespective
• isolate
• isolation

J

• join
• just

K

• keep
• key
• know
• knowledge

L

• label
• lack
• large
• largely
• larger
• last
• late
• later
• lead
• least
• lesion
• less
• lesser
• level
• lie
• light
• likely
• limit
• linear
• link
• linkage
• linker
• little
• local
• localization
• localize
• locally
• locate
• location
• locus
• long
• lose
• loss
• low
• lower

M

• magnitude
• mainly
• maintain
• maintenance
• major
• majority
• make
• manifest
• manipulate
• manner
• many
• marked
• markedly
• match
• maximal
• maximum
• means
• measure
• measurement
• mechanism
• mediate
• mediator
• method
• methodology
• methylate
• middle
• migrate
• migration
• mild
• mimic
• minimal
• minor
• mode
• model
• moderate
• moderately
• modest
• modestly
• modification
• modify
• modulate
• modulation
• molecular
• monitor
• morbidity
• more
• moreover
• morphological
• mortality
• most
• mostly
• move
• movement
• much
• mutant
• mutate
• mutation

N

• name
• naturally
• nature
• near
• nearly
• necessarily
• necessary
• necessity
• need
• negative
• negatively
• new
• newly
• next
• normal
• normalize
• normally
• notably
• note
• notion
• novel
• now
• null
• number
• numerous

O

• objective
• obligatory
• observation
• observe
• obtain
• obvious
• occur
• occurrence
• offer
• often
• old
• older
• once
• only
• onset
• operate
• opportunity
• oppose
• optimal
• optimize
• order
• organize
• orient
• originally
• originate
• outcome
• outgrowth
• overcome
• overexpress
• overexpression
• overlap
• owing

P

• parallel
• part
• partially
• participate
• participation
• particular
• particularly
• past
• pathogenesis
• pathway
• patient
• pattern
• peak
• perceive
• perform
• performance
• perhaps
• period
• permit
• persist
• perspective
• phenomenon
• phenotypic
• phosphorylate
• phosphorylation
• physiological
• physiologically
• pivotal
• place
• play
• point
• poor
• poorly
• position
• positive
• positively
• possess
• possibility
• possible
• possibly
• postulate
• potency
• potent
• potential
• potentially
• potentiate
• potently
• power
• powerful
• precise
• precisely
• predict
• prediction
• predictive
• predispose
• predominantly
• prefer
• preference
• preferentially
• preparation
• prepare
• prerequisite
• presence
• present
• presentation
• preserve
• presumably
• presume
• pretreatment
• prevalence
• prevent
• previous
• previously
• primarily
• primary
• prime
• principle
• prior
• probability
• probably
• problem
• procedure
• proceed
• process
• processing
• produce
• product
• production
• profile
• profoundly
• program
• progress
• progression
• progressive
• progressively
• project
• projection
• proliferate
• proliferation
• proliferative
• prolong
• prominent
• promise
• promote
• prompt
• prone
• pronounced
• propagate
• propensity
• proper
• property
• proportion
• proportional
• proposal
• propose
• protect
• protection
• protective
• protocol
• prove
• provide
• proximal
• proximity
• publish
• purify
• purpose

Q

• quantify
• quantitate
• question
• quickly
• quite

R

• raise
• randomize
• randomly
• range
• rapid
• rapidly
• rare
• rarely
• rate
• rather
• rationale
• reach
• react
• reaction
• reactive
• reactivity
• readily
• reason
• reasonable
• receive
• recent
• recently
• recognition
• recognize
• reconstitute
• recover
• recovery
• recruit
• recruitment
• reduce
• reduction
• redundancy
• redundant
• refer
• reflect
• refractory
• regard
• regarding
• regardless
• region
• regulate
• regulation
• relate
• relation
• relationship
• relative
• relatively
• release
• relevance
• relevant
• rely
• remain
• remarkably
• removal
• remove
• render
• repair
• replace
• replacement
• replicate
• replication
• report
• represent
• representative
• repress
• repression
• require
• requirement
• research
• resemble
• reside
• resistance
• resistant
• resolution
• resolve
• resource
• respect
• respectively
• respond
• response
• responsible
• responsive
• responsiveness
• rest
• restore
• restrict
• result
• retain
• return
• reveal
• reverse
• review
• rich
• rise
• risk
• robust
• role
• route

S

• same
• sample
• scaffold
• scale
• screen
• search
• secondary
• secrete
• secretion
• section
• see
• seek
• seem
• segregate
• select
• selection
• selective
• selectively
• selectivity
• sensitive
• sensitivity
• sensitization
• sensitize
• separate
• separately
• separation
• sequence
• series
• serve
• set
• several
• severe
• severely
• share
• shift
• short
• shortly
• show
• signal
• signaling
• significance
• significant
• significantly
• similar
• similarity
• similarly
• simultaneously
• since
• site
• situation
• size
• slice
• slightly
• slow
• slower
• slowly
• small
• smaller
• solely
• solution
• solve
• some
• source
• specialize
• species
• specific
• specifically
• specificity
• specimen
• speculate
• spontaneously
• spread
• stability
• stabilize
• stable
• stably
• stage
• stain
• standard
• state
• statistical
• statistically
• status
• step
• stimulate
• stimulation
• stimulus
• store
• strategy
• stress
• striking
• strikingly
• strong
• strongly
• structural
• structurally
• structure
• study
• subcellular
• subject
• subsequent
• subsequently
• substantial
• substantially
• substitute
• substitution
• successful
• successfully
• such
• suffer
• sufficient
• sufficiently
• suggest
• suggestion
• suggestive
• suitable
• superior
• supplement
• supplementation
• supply
• support
• suppress
• suppression
• suppressive
• surface
• surprisingly
• survival
• survive
• susceptibility
• susceptible
• suspect
• sustain
• switch
• symptom
• synergistic
• synergy
• synthesis
• synthesize
• system
• systematic
• systemic
• systemically

T

• tag
• take
• target
• targeting
• technique
• technology
• temperature
• temporal
• tend
• term
• test
• tether
• therapeutic
• therapy
• thereafter
• thereby
• therefore
• think
• threshold
• tightly
• tolerance
• tolerant
• tolerate
• tool
• total
• toxic
• toxicity
• transactivation
• transcribe
• transcription
• transcriptional
• transcriptionally
• transduce
• transduction
• transfect
• transfection
• transfer
• transform
• transformation
• transient
• transiently
• transition
• translocate
• translocation
• transmission
• transmit
• transplant
• transplantation
• transport
• trap
• treat
• treatment
• trial
• trigger
• turn
• typical
• typically

U

• ubiquitously
• unable
• unaffected
• unchanged
• unclear
• undergo
• underlie
• underscore
• understand
• understanding
• undertake
• unexpected
• unexpectedly
• uniformly
• unique
• universally
• unknown
• unlike
• unlikely
• unrelated
• untreated
• unusual
• unusually
• upregulate/up-regulate
• upregulation/up-regulation
• upstream
• uptake
• use
• useful
• usually
• utility
• utilization
• utilize

V

• vaccinate
• vaccination
• validate
• valuable
• value
• variance
• variation
• variety
• various
• vary
• verify
• version
• versus
• very
• viability
• vicinity
• view
• virtually
• vital

W

• warrant
• way
• weak
• weakly
• weight
• well
• when
• where
• whereas
• whereby
• wherein
• whether
• which
• while
• who
• why
• wide
• widely
• widespread
• wild
• withdraw
• withdrawal
• work

Y

• yield
• young